{"id":19376,"date":"2019-11-27T16:40:51","date_gmt":"2019-11-27T22:40:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.autycom.com\/?p=19376"},"modified":"2019-12-19T16:42:57","modified_gmt":"2019-12-19T22:42:57","slug":"que-es-un-sistema-de-control","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.autycom.com\/que-es-un-sistema-de-control\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 es un sistema de control?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uno de los recursos m\u00e1s utilizados en el sector industrial es el <\/span><b>sistema de control<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Toda producci\u00f3n liderada por ingenier\u00eda requiere de este proceso para lograr objetivos determinados. La funci\u00f3n de este sistema es la de gestionar o regular la forma en que se comporta otro sistema para as\u00ed evitar fallas.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El <\/span><b>sistema de control de procesos<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> est\u00e1 formado por un conjunto de dispositivos de diverso orden. Pueden ser de tipo el\u00e9ctrico, neum\u00e1tico, hidr\u00e1ulico, mec\u00e1nico, entre otros. El tipo o los tipos de dispositivos est\u00e1n determinados, en buena medida, por el objetivo a alcanzar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pero un <\/span><b>sistema de control<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> no se establece como tal solo por contar con estos dispositivos, sino que debe seguir la l\u00f3gica de al menos 3 elementos base:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Una variable a la que se busca controlar<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un actuador<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un punto de referencia o set-point<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En una operaci\u00f3n de control de granel, por ejemplo, la l\u00f3gica del <\/span><b>sistema de control<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> debe utilizar sus 3 elementos. La variable por controlar podr\u00eda ser el propio producto de granel al depositarse en contenedores industriales. El punto de referencia o set-point ser\u00eda el encargado de determinar el l\u00edmite de llenado, mientras que el actuador, ser\u00eda el que ejecutar\u00eda la acci\u00f3n de llenado, que podr\u00eda ser una bomba mec\u00e1nica o el\u00e9ctrica.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Tipos de sistemas de control<\/h2>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El <\/span><b>sistema de control<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> puede ser de dos tipos y estos difieren en la manera en que lidian con la variable a controlar.\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Sistema de control de lazo abierto<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En este tipo no existe informaci\u00f3n o retroalimentaci\u00f3n sobre la variable a controlar. Es decir, la salida no depende en absoluto de la entrada. Se utiliza entonces en procesos y dispositivos en donde la variable es predecible y admite un margen de error amplio.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un ejemplo muy claro es el del sem\u00e1foro. Este sistema de control es de lazo abierto porque se asigna un tiempo a cada luz, pero no se tiene informaci\u00f3n sobre el volumen de tr\u00e1fico.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Otro ejemplo es el amplificador de sonido en un equipo modular. Cuando se realiza variaci\u00f3n en la potencia del volumen, el sistema realmente no sabe si se produjo tal.\u00a0<\/span><\/h3>\n<h3><strong>Sistemas de control de lazo cerrado<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contrario al caso anterior, en este tipo de sistema de control s\u00ed hay informaci\u00f3n sobre la variable, incluso retroalimentaci\u00f3n sobre los estados que va tomando. La informaci\u00f3n sobre la variable se obtiene mediante el uso de sensores que son colocados de forma estrat\u00e9gica. Los sensores hacen posible que el proceso sea completamente aut\u00f3nomo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un ejemplo muy com\u00fan es el de los aparatos minisplit o aires acondicionados. En estos dispositivos la variable es la temperatura ambiental. Los sensores determinan si debe o no entrar el compresor para enfriar el lugar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La ingenier\u00eda de un proceso de control parecer\u00eda simple con sus tres elementos base requeridos, sin embargo, es todo lo contrario. Se trata de sistemas b\u00e1sicos para la ingenier\u00eda industrial, incluyendo la automatizaci\u00f3n y que incluso encontramos en casi todos los equipos que usamos en nuestra vida diaria.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Uno de los recursos m\u00e1s utilizados en el sector industrial es el sistema de control. Toda producci\u00f3n liderada por ingenier\u00eda requiere de este proceso para lograr objetivos determinados. La funci\u00f3n<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":19377,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"categories":[21],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"featured_image_src":{"landsacpe":["https:\/\/www.autycom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistema-de-control-que-es.jpg",593,445,false],"list":["https:\/\/www.autycom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistema-de-control-que-es.jpg",463,348,false],"medium":["https:\/\/www.autycom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistema-de-control-que-es-300x225.jpg",300,225,true],"full":["https:\/\/www.autycom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/sistema-de-control-que-es.jpg",1024,768,false]},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.2.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u00e9 es un sistema de control y qu\u00e9 tipos hay - AUTYCOM<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"En el sector industrial, el sistema de control es uno de los recursos m\u00e1s importantes. 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